朗阁

　　P1建造城堡 Build a Medieval Castle

　　P2鸟类迁徙 Bird Migration

　　P3涂鸦Graffiti

　　朗阁讲师点评

　　1. 本场考试的难度较难。

　　2. 整体分析：涉及建筑类(P1)、自然科学类(P2)、艺术类(P3)。

　　本次考试整体反馈难度较大。三篇文章均为旧题，之前考过多次，话题也有在剑桥真题中出现多次，只是P2的题型与之前稍微有改动。P1出现了常规的填空+判断搭配，但是在此基础上加上了多选题，大家注意定位方法。实在觉得难以定位，可以先做完填空和判断题之后再去找答案。P2基本延续之前的考试趋势，主要出现两种类型的配对，再加上填空题。对于做了很多剑桥真题的同学来说，这种搭配形式已经习以为常，应该在篇章综合定位方法的处理还有时间分配上能够得心应手。P3出现了今年考察不多的句子首尾配对，整篇文章的定位难度大，做题较为耗时。

　　3. 部分答案及参考文章：

　　Passage 1：建造城堡 Build a Medieval Castle

　　题型：判断(4)+多选(3)+流程图填空(6)

　　参考答案

　　1.NOT GIVEN

　　2.TRUE

　　3.FALSE

　　4.TRUE

　　5.C

　　6.E

　　7.F

　　8.mason

　　9.holes

　　10.metal/ iron/ wedges

　　11.split

　　12.bricks

　　13.heating

　　参考文章：

　　Build a Medieval Castle

　　A Michel Guyot, owner, and restorer of Saint Fargeau castle in France, first had the idea of building a 13th-century style fortress following the discovery that the 15th-century red bricks of his castle obscured the stone walls of a much older stronghold. His dream was to build a castle just as it would have been in the Middle Ages, an idea which some found mildly amusing and others dismissed as outright folly. However, Maryline Martin - project director - was inspired by the exciting potential for the venture to regenerate the region. It took several months to bring together and mobilise all the various partners: architects, archaeologists, and financial backers. A site in the heart of Guédelon forest was found: a site which offered not only all the resources required for building a castle - a stone quarry, an oak forest, and a water supply - but in sufficient quantities to satisfy the demands of this gigantic site. The first team started work and on June 20th, 1997, the first stone was laid.

　　B Unlike any other present-day building site, Michel Guyot’s purpose is clear, he warmly welcomes members of the public to participate. The workers’ role is to demonstrate and explain, to a wide audience, the skills of our forefathers. Stone quarrying, the building of vaulted ceilings, the blacksmith’s work and the raising of roof timbers are just some of the activities which visitors can witness during a visit to Guédelon. The workers are always on hand to talk about their craft and the progress of the castle. Each year 60,000 children visit Guédelon with their schools. The site is an excellent educational resource, bringing to life the history of the Middle Ages. Guided tours are tailored to the school curriculum and according to age groups: activity trails for primary school children and interactive guided tours for secondary school children. Pupils of all ages have the opportunity to follow in the footsteps of medieval stonemasons by taking part in a stone carving workshop or discover the secrets of the medieval master-builders at the geometry workshop.

　　C Workers in the Burgundy region of France are building a 13th century castle. They’re not restoring an old castle. They’re actually building a new old castle. See the builders are constructing it from scratch. The craftsmen have been working for nearly ten years now, but they’re not even halfway done yet. That’s because they’re using only medieval tools and techniques. The World’s Gerry Hadden takes us to the site of what will be the Guedelon Castle. Another reason said by Jean Francois, a member of Guedelon stone cutter’s guild, for eight hours a day he bangs on a 13th century chisel with a 13th century iron mallet.

　　D The progress of construction has to give way to tourists’ side for their visits. The visitors from 2010, however unsightly they may be, are vital to the project. The initial funding came not from pillaging the local peasantry but from regional councils, the European Union, and large companies. For the last 10 years, Guédlon, 100 miles southeast of Paris, has funded itself from its entrance fees. Last year it had a record 300,000 visitors, who paid almost €2.5m, making it the second most-visited site in Burgundy. The most-visited site was the Hospice de Beaune, a beautiful 15th- century almshouse built 600 years before, or, if you prefer, 200 years “after”, Guédelon.

　　E Limestone is found in the construction of various local buildings, from the great and prestigious edifice of Ratilly castle to the more modest polyiodides houses. This stone contains 30-40% iron oxide; this can make it extremely hard to extract and dress. Having studied the block in order to determine and anticipate the natural fault lines of the stone, the quarrymen first carve a series of rectilinear holes into the block. Iron wedges are then hammered into this line of holes. The shockwaves produced by the quarrymen’s sledgehammers cause the stone to split along a straight line. The highest quality blocks are dressed to produce lintels, voussoirs, corbels, ashlars etc. The medium quality blocks are roughly shaped by the stonecutters and used on the uncoursed curtain walls, and as facing stones on the castle’s inner walls. There are water-filled clay pits in the forest. Clay is taken from these pits, cleaned and pugged. It is then shaped in wooden moulds to form bricks. After the bricks have been left to air-dry, they are fired in a woodfired kiln for about 12 hours, at roughly 1000°c.

　　F The mortar is the “glue” used to bind the castle’s stones. It is made up of precise doses of lime, sand, and water. The people working there wear the tunics, skirts and headgear that they might have worn then, but they wear these over jeans and shoes with reinforced toes. They mix their mortar primarily as they would have done then, using sand they dig themselves, but they are not allowed to use the extremely effective hot lime from medieval days, because of its toxicity, and so they add a modern chemical ingredient instead, to achieve the same effect. Workers in the Mid Age obviously were unaware of it and some died earlier by inhaling toxic gas. And so, we met many wonderful people who do not pretend to be anything but modern human beings practicing an old technique and finding out what it would have felt like, as much as possible, to do it with only the resources of an older time.

　　G We also learned that even if there is a straight lintel across a doorway, you will usually find an arch of stones built into the wall differently. Because of the physics of an arch, which channels the weight above it down into whatever is supporting it at each side instead of pressing down in the middle, this helps to take a lot of the weight off the lintel itself, whether it is free standing or buried in the wall against the impact of warfare. The arch is the strongest element for spanning space in stone architecture. This is why, in ancient ruins, you will often find the entire wall missing, and the arched windows and doorways still standing, in beautiful patterns against the sky.

　　Passage 2：鸟类迁徙 Bird Migration

　　题型：填空(4)+段落细节配对(5)+特殊词配对(4)

　　具体文章和题目待确认

　　Passage 3：涂鸦Graffiti

　　题型：单选(5)+判断(5)+句首尾配对(4)

　　具体文章题型和参考答案待确认

　　考试建议

　　1.从前三个季度的考试情况来看，雅思考试的难度和对于题型的倾向性已经比较稳定。无论分数段要求是多少，填空，判断，选择题为基础，需要*证正确率，切忌眼高手低，忽略题目限定或者题目没看完整。**段学生一定要对配对题，比如句子首尾配对，段落细节配对，特殊词配对这三种类型勤加练习，*证定位速度和正确率。同时，一定不能忽视List of Headings的重要性，多分析不同段落的结构，多看如何掌握段落详略，同时*替换识别能力。

　　3. 重点浏览2016到2021年机经。